σ sigma is a letter of the Greek alphabet. Mathematicians use this symbol to signify standard deviation, an important measure of variation. Variation designates the distribution or spread about the average of any process.
The blue Line designates narrow variation while the orange line designated wide variation. Obviously the less variation within a process makes the process more predictable, assuming the mean is not moving all over the place. If you took the height of everyone in class would you expect a large variation or narrow variation. What if you had a few professional basketball player in the room, would that widen or narrow the variation?
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